What is Ghrelin

Ghrelin is the endogenous ligand for the receptor of the growth hormone secretagogue (GHS-R) present on the pituitary cells secrete growth hormone. Ghrelin and motilin and GHS-R and the motilin receptor are structurally related. Ghrelin, surprisingly, is the most abundant in the stomach and the GHS-R is also in the stomach and other organs and tissues, effects on the stimulation of growth hormone from the pituitary gland which suggests, particularly in the regulation of gastrointestinal function. But still seems rather a ghrelin through the digestive system works differently signal that regulates digestion. The most important role of ghrelin seems to stimulate appetite and regulate energy homeostasis, favoring adiposity and contribute to obesity. As recently suggested, ghrelin may therefore "saginary" (fattening) peptide called. Ghrelin can affect the secretion of gastric acid and gastric protection, but the proposed role of ghrelin in infection by Helicobacter pylori, in turn involves saginary effect. Ghrelin is functionally related to the motilin because it also stimulates gastrointestinal motility. In rodents taken motilin function have ghrelin, such as motilin natural knockouts are rodents. Ghrelin appears as an endocrine signal can reach the central nervous system via the blood stream. However, he also used neural pathways, particularly the vagus. A better understanding of the physiology of ghrelin may lead to new therapies for the treatment of obesity and hypomotility syndromes.

Leptin for sale

Diabetes is one of the biggest problem in the world. Despite some progress in the development of new anti-diabetic agents, the ability to maintain tight glycemic control to prevent kidney, retina and neuropathic complications of diabetes without adverse complications remains a challenge. However, recent results suggest that in addition to playing a key role in regulating energy homeostasis of the hormone leptin adiposity plays an important role in the control of glucose metabolism through its actions in the brain. This review focuses on the role of leptin action in the central nervous system and the mechanisms by leptin mediates its effects to regulate glucose metabolism. These results suggest that defects or defects in the leptin signaling may contribute to the etiology of diabetes and raise the possibility that either leptin or downstream targets of leptin may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of diabetes.

MCM-48 price

copolymer Pluronic P123 triblock Assembly mesostructured silica using (EO (20), -PO (70) EO (20)) and n-butanol mixture is a simple way for the synthesis of MCM-48 as a great ordered mesoporous silicas with the cubic mesostructure Iad. The field of cubic phase considerably expanded to control accordingly by the amounts of butanol and the silica source. Extended phase range allows the synthesis of mesoporous silicas with different structural characteristics. Characterization by powder X-ray diffraction, nitrogen physisorption, the scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy shows that the cubic Iad has material 4 and 12 in the large specific surface area, high pore volume and the diameter of pores in the easily adjustable narrow size distribution, nm. In addition, the generation of additional pores between the two channels in the chiral structure Iad Gyroid systematically controlled depending on synthesis conditions. carbon replicas, sucrose is used as carbon precursor, are obtained either with the same structure or Iad I4 (1) / A (or low-symmetry), depending on the controlled synthesis conditions of the silica. Thus, the discovery of this extended field-phase leads to the easy synthesis of silica Iad cube with precise control of structure, great prospects for future applications of large pores provides silicas pore network in three dimensions.

Mesoporous carbon CMK-3

Product name : Mesoporous carbon CMK-3

Product description :

mesoporous carbon, a new type of non-silicon material has considerable attention because of its high surface area (up to 2500m2 / g) and pore volume (up 2.25cm3 / g), is intended for use in the field of catalyst supports, hydrogen storage electrode materials and other fields of technology. In general, because of the mesoporous material with an electrical resistance double layer capacity and excellent discharge capacity, and there is much higher than the metal oxide commercially available. In comparison with a pure mesoporous silicon material, carbon material mesoporous special characteristics such as high specific surface area, high porosity, size adjustable pores in a specific range, various forms mesoporous structure and properties adjustable thermal stability and hydrothermal stability, ease of synthesis and low physiological toxicity.

At the mesoporous exception because of the CMK-3 pores present structure, the pore size (3-10 nm), the ordinate specific surface area (500-1500 m2 / g), pore volume (0.7 to 1 5 cc / g). The surface area and high specific pore volume, good electrical conductivity, excellent biocompatibility and corrosion resistance of CMK-3, are within the field of electrochemistry, catalyst carrier, adsorbent column and protein separation used has great potential.

What is dehydrocholic acid

Dehydrocholic (jersey-5-β-cholic acid) was synthesized from cholic acid, with 200 mg of the mixed carrier and administered intravenously to two patients with T tube designed sampling of the indwelling bile without interrupting the enterohepatic circulation -hépatique allows. More than 80% of the radioactivity excreted was infused in the form of glycine conjugated bile acids and taurine in bile quickly. Radioactive products were identified after partially or completely reduced hepatic derivatives dehydrocholic. Mass spectrometry and chromatography, the main metabolite (about 70%) is a bile acid monoketo dihydroxybenzyl (cholanic acid 3α, 7α-dihydroxy-12-keto-5β); a second metabolite (approximately 20%) is a monohydroxy-diketo acid (cholanic 3α-hydroxy-7,12-di-keto-5β); and about 10% of the radioactivity was as cholic acid. The reduction appears to have been sequentially (3 positions, the positions 7 and 12 position) and stereospecific (only α epimer was recovered).
Bile, as the ratio between the flow of bile acid excretion in the bile expressed was increased by dehydrocholic administration. It was hypothesized that ketone hydroxylated metabolites are hydrocholeretics. not significantly change after the administration of the proportion of cholesterol into bile acids, lecithin and dehydrocholic. In vitro studies have shown that keto-hydroxy metabolites cholate are dispersed lecithin bad compared; However, mixtures of cholate and either a dispersion metabolite has similar properties to those alone, provided that the ratio of cholate metabolites for each metabolite remained cholate below a characteristic value. The experiments reveal a new metabolic pathway in humans, provide further insight into the hydrocholeresis induced keto bile acids, and show the remarkable change of pharmacological and physical properties. Replacement of hydroxyl group by a keto substituent in the bile acid molecule

Lisuride Maleate price

Product name: Lisuride Maleate

Specification: 

Cas No.: 18016-80-3

Description: 
Lisuride maleate is a derivative of semi-synthetic ergot which is an analogue of the LSD 25 lisuride maleate, ergotamine derivative, an agonist of dopamine D2 with effects and uses similar to those of bromocriptine. Lisuride maleate has a potent anti-serotonin action antihistamine and a central dopaminergic activity may also be lisuride maleate effective for the treatment of migraine.

Muscle glycogen concept

The importance of carbohydrates as an energy source during endurance training is known for 60 years. With the advent of needle muscle biopsy in the 1960s, it was found that the main source of carbohydrates during exercise are the glycogen reserves. It was shown that the capacity between 65 to 75% VO2max exercised at intensities of pre-exercise glycogen levels in the muscle bound, ie more glycogen reserves, more exercise time to exhaustion. Because of the critical importance of muscle glycogen during prolonged, intense exercise, a considerable amount of research has been conducted in order to design the best diet to increase muscle glycogen stores prior to the competition and the most effective means of replenishment quickly determining the glycogen after training. The rate determining step in the glycogen synthesis is the transfer of glucose from uridine diphosphate-glucose on an amylose chain. This reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme glycogen synthase, which in a glucose 6-phosphate-dependent, inactive form (form D) and an active form of glucose 6-phosphate can independent (I-form) exist. The conversion of glycogen synthase from one form to the other is controlled by phosphorylation-dephosphorylation reactions. The concentration of muscle glycogen can vary greatly depending on the level of conditioning, exercise routines and diet. The pattern of muscle glycogen re-synthesis after exercise-induced exhaustion is biphasic. After completion of movement and adequate glycogen muscle carbohydrate consumption is rapidly resynthesized to close before training levels within 24 hours. Muscle glycogen then increased very gradually to normal in the coming days. A contribution to the rapid phase of the re-synthesis is to increase the proportion of glycogen synthase I, an increase in muscle cell membrane permeability to glucose and an increased sensitivity of muscle to insulin. The slow phase of the glycogen synthesis is under the control of the intermediate form of glycogen synthase, which is very sensitive to the activation of the glucose 6-phosphate. The conversion of the enzyme can be attributed to this intermediate to form a plasma insulin concentration elevated after several days of high consumption of carbohydrates constantly exposed to muscle tissue. For optimal performance of the exercise, muscle glycogen stores must be replenished on a daily basis again. For athletes daily average endurance of a carbohydrate consumption of 500 to 600 g is required. This leads to a maximum glycogen from 80 to 100 micromol / g wet weight.