2015年11月25日星期三
Nature Recent research highlights
People have begun to study neurons in the hippocampus cluster, how coding and re-activate the memory, but the cortex is assumed that there are "top-down" of the input signal may affect how memory processes are relatively poorly understood. In this study, Karl Deisseroth and colleagues used new tools and strategies to identify, before from the cingulate gyrus of the hippocampus (a part of the prefrontal cortex) of a sparse projection neurons. When activated, these can lead to mice projection memory retrieval.
Scientists clarify the key mechanisms of memory formation
Researchers
from the Scripps Research Institute study found, a brain protein
interaction of children may have a memory to produce a significant
effect, related research or for the treatment of neurodegenerative
diseases develop new drugs to provide ideas; the study published
in the international journal Cell, the article researchers conducted a
major study of the two receptors, one of which is the neurotransmitter
dopamine, which is mainly involved in learning, memory, Reward behavior,
motion control, and other functions, the other one ghrelin receptors, which can be interconnected together with appetite and energy usage.
The researchers Professor Roy Smith pointed out that in an animal model study, we found that when the two receptor interactions, ghrelin receptor will change the structure of the dopamine receptor, while changing its signaling pathway, which is very important because many clinical drugs are developed based on this, such as schizophrenia, the patient compliance will be less because the reverse side effects of the performance, the study or to make use of neuronal preparations by targeting ghrelin Su indirect modification of dopamine, thereby reducing potential side effects.
Current studies or potential significance, or researchers to develop new strategies to selectively adjust the memory associated with neuronal dopamine signal, and the use of small molecules with gastric ghrelin receptor can enhance or inhibit dopamine signal ; researchers said biologically active ghrelin receptor complex will produce synaptic plasticity and ability to promote the growth and expansion of brain synapses.
Prior to the study the researchers clarify the neurons critical role in the regulation of food intake, insulin release and immune system decline in the ghrelin receptor, and this paper is to expand the importance of ghrelin receptor understanding in animal models, ghrelin receptor can inhibit and Parkinson diseases, stroke and other diseases related to neuronal loss, and perhaps this study for the treatment of late-stage development of memory deletion, targeted therapy of age-related neurological diseases provide ideas.
( Bolise Co., Ltd. www.chemicalspharm.com )
The researchers Professor Roy Smith pointed out that in an animal model study, we found that when the two receptor interactions, ghrelin receptor will change the structure of the dopamine receptor, while changing its signaling pathway, which is very important because many clinical drugs are developed based on this, such as schizophrenia, the patient compliance will be less because the reverse side effects of the performance, the study or to make use of neuronal preparations by targeting ghrelin Su indirect modification of dopamine, thereby reducing potential side effects.
Current studies or potential significance, or researchers to develop new strategies to selectively adjust the memory associated with neuronal dopamine signal, and the use of small molecules with gastric ghrelin receptor can enhance or inhibit dopamine signal ; researchers said biologically active ghrelin receptor complex will produce synaptic plasticity and ability to promote the growth and expansion of brain synapses.
Prior to the study the researchers clarify the neurons critical role in the regulation of food intake, insulin release and immune system decline in the ghrelin receptor, and this paper is to expand the importance of ghrelin receptor understanding in animal models, ghrelin receptor can inhibit and Parkinson diseases, stroke and other diseases related to neuronal loss, and perhaps this study for the treatment of late-stage development of memory deletion, targeted therapy of age-related neurological diseases provide ideas.
( Bolise Co., Ltd. www.chemicalspharm.com )
2015年11月24日星期二
Flu vaccines are still worried about it! Maybe we'll do a better job
Each
year, before the flu comes himself, to circulate, to start
misinformation and misconceptions about the circulation of vaccine
against influenza. Some of them contain a grain of truth, but is distorted in the end, like a secret whispered into the phone game.
But if you do not, looking for an excuse vaccine against the flu, which seems to be a persuasive argument on their own in the last year, the number of its effectiveness. Of all the measures flopped against the flu vaccine last season, clocking in at about 23 percent effective in preventing influenza infections laboratory confirmed.
But that's not the whole story, said Lisa Grohskopf, a physician in the Division of Flu Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
"Twenty-three is better than zero, but 23 percent was complete. If you are one of those who received a strain of influenza B, it was nearly 60 percent," she said. "Even if it does not work well against a virus, there are other viruses in circulation."
Each year, the vaccine against influenza contains three (trivalent) or four (tetravalent) of influenza strains that have elected in February by the World Health Organization by the Food and Drug Administration and supported, as these experts should move in the next flu season. You select a H1N1 strain, an H3N2 strain and one strain of influenza B, or from the Yamagata lineage or Victoria Line. Tetravalent vaccines contain a B strain each line.
"The virus Yamagata-line or in the Victoria Line are quite different that there is not a lot of cross-protection," said Grohskopf. "So if we say that we have a vaccine that contains a virus family Yamagata one season, and it ends up being a predominantly Victoria season, we could not get very good protection against strains of B. "
But sometimes, experts predict is the brand, and sometimes a burden, they mutated choose before the season comes. Last year, the H3N2 strain has chosen it was a bad game, and that the tribe dominated the season, when B viruses were more frequently towards the end, Grohskopf said. Adjustments were in the vaccine against the H3N2 virus this year.
"There are certainly right, hope it'll be better this year, but it is too early to tell," said Grohskopf. "Seasons of the highly variable influenza compared to how fast they move, but now the activity is still pretty easy."
Options vaccines against influenza this year does not change much from last year, with two exceptions. The recombinant vaccine against flu virus product, and without eggs, is now (rather than just those aged 18-49) approved for all adults 18 years. And low dose intradermal vaccine against vaccine that uses a shorter needle in the skin and injects, is now available as a quadrivalent vaccine instead of only trivalent.
CDC not recommend a vaccine over another. "We really just think it's important that people are vaccinated, and depending on where you are, you may not be able to obtain a certain product," said Grohskopf. "We do not want to hunt for something and then not be vaccinated until it is too late and the flu is already high for the season."
Get vaccinated against the flu is particularly important for groups at risk and people in frequent and close contact with these risk groups Grohskopf. The most at risk of serious flu complications include pregnant women population, people aged 50 and over and children under 5 and especially under 2 years old, she said.
Anyone with a chronic illness such as lung disease, heart disease, kidney disease, liver disease, or a neurological condition also has a higher risk of serious complications from influenza infection. The most vulnerable to infection People are parents of young children, day care workers, teachers, caregivers and elderly people. In health care
But the problem with limiting influenza vaccination for these groups, she said, is that the flu bug is a tough - and unpredictable.
"While some people are definitely at a higher risk of severe illness if they get the flu even normally healthy, young - older children, young adults, most people are strong, when no other chronic diseases - can get really sick hospital, and even die, and we can not really predict who will be these people, "said Grohskopf" The majority of people who go the really ugly flu for a while and then recover without any. problem. "But even these people lose work time and the risk of the spread of the disease to family members and others, she said.
Another key to this year's additional evidence, reported that stat vaccinated against influenza every year could reduce its effectiveness in warding off the flu. This evidence is not entirely new, and scientists still do not understand, but that does not mean jumping vaccinated against influenza this year is advised if you got last year.
Meanwhile, for those who do not receive the vaccine this year, make sure it is not because one of the concerns below. As described in compounds, each of these misconceptions is based on inaccurate information, a misunderstanding or exaggeration.
But if you do not, looking for an excuse vaccine against the flu, which seems to be a persuasive argument on their own in the last year, the number of its effectiveness. Of all the measures flopped against the flu vaccine last season, clocking in at about 23 percent effective in preventing influenza infections laboratory confirmed.
But that's not the whole story, said Lisa Grohskopf, a physician in the Division of Flu Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
"Twenty-three is better than zero, but 23 percent was complete. If you are one of those who received a strain of influenza B, it was nearly 60 percent," she said. "Even if it does not work well against a virus, there are other viruses in circulation."
Each year, the vaccine against influenza contains three (trivalent) or four (tetravalent) of influenza strains that have elected in February by the World Health Organization by the Food and Drug Administration and supported, as these experts should move in the next flu season. You select a H1N1 strain, an H3N2 strain and one strain of influenza B, or from the Yamagata lineage or Victoria Line. Tetravalent vaccines contain a B strain each line.
"The virus Yamagata-line or in the Victoria Line are quite different that there is not a lot of cross-protection," said Grohskopf. "So if we say that we have a vaccine that contains a virus family Yamagata one season, and it ends up being a predominantly Victoria season, we could not get very good protection against strains of B. "
But sometimes, experts predict is the brand, and sometimes a burden, they mutated choose before the season comes. Last year, the H3N2 strain has chosen it was a bad game, and that the tribe dominated the season, when B viruses were more frequently towards the end, Grohskopf said. Adjustments were in the vaccine against the H3N2 virus this year.
"There are certainly right, hope it'll be better this year, but it is too early to tell," said Grohskopf. "Seasons of the highly variable influenza compared to how fast they move, but now the activity is still pretty easy."
Options vaccines against influenza this year does not change much from last year, with two exceptions. The recombinant vaccine against flu virus product, and without eggs, is now (rather than just those aged 18-49) approved for all adults 18 years. And low dose intradermal vaccine against vaccine that uses a shorter needle in the skin and injects, is now available as a quadrivalent vaccine instead of only trivalent.
CDC not recommend a vaccine over another. "We really just think it's important that people are vaccinated, and depending on where you are, you may not be able to obtain a certain product," said Grohskopf. "We do not want to hunt for something and then not be vaccinated until it is too late and the flu is already high for the season."
Get vaccinated against the flu is particularly important for groups at risk and people in frequent and close contact with these risk groups Grohskopf. The most at risk of serious flu complications include pregnant women population, people aged 50 and over and children under 5 and especially under 2 years old, she said.
Anyone with a chronic illness such as lung disease, heart disease, kidney disease, liver disease, or a neurological condition also has a higher risk of serious complications from influenza infection. The most vulnerable to infection People are parents of young children, day care workers, teachers, caregivers and elderly people. In health care
But the problem with limiting influenza vaccination for these groups, she said, is that the flu bug is a tough - and unpredictable.
"While some people are definitely at a higher risk of severe illness if they get the flu even normally healthy, young - older children, young adults, most people are strong, when no other chronic diseases - can get really sick hospital, and even die, and we can not really predict who will be these people, "said Grohskopf" The majority of people who go the really ugly flu for a while and then recover without any. problem. "But even these people lose work time and the risk of the spread of the disease to family members and others, she said.
Another key to this year's additional evidence, reported that stat vaccinated against influenza every year could reduce its effectiveness in warding off the flu. This evidence is not entirely new, and scientists still do not understand, but that does not mean jumping vaccinated against influenza this year is advised if you got last year.
Meanwhile, for those who do not receive the vaccine this year, make sure it is not because one of the concerns below. As described in compounds, each of these misconceptions is based on inaccurate information, a misunderstanding or exaggeration.
Reasonable control diabetes
Diabetes management is a long-term task that requires careful planning in order to stay on top of your health.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends:
Take daily measurements good to eat, play sports, to inspect your feet for wounds and take your medicine.
At each quarterly visit to the doctor, a foot examination and measurement of blood pressure.
Twice a year, a dental examination and control of HbA1c.
Once a year, have a cholesterol test and a test of renal function.
Get all vaccinations recommended by doctors, including the year for flu.
Have annual visits with a podiatrist and ophthalmologist.
( Bolise Co., Ltd. www.chemicalspharm.com )
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends:
Take daily measurements good to eat, play sports, to inspect your feet for wounds and take your medicine.
At each quarterly visit to the doctor, a foot examination and measurement of blood pressure.
Twice a year, a dental examination and control of HbA1c.
Once a year, have a cholesterol test and a test of renal function.
Get all vaccinations recommended by doctors, including the year for flu.
Have annual visits with a podiatrist and ophthalmologist.
( Bolise Co., Ltd. www.chemicalspharm.com )
FDA Approves Portrazza (panitumumab) for advanced squamous NSCLC
November
24, 2015 - The Food and Drug Administration of the United States today
to treat squamous Portrazza (of necitumumab) in combination with two
forms of chemotherapy in patients with advanced (metastatic) NSCLC
(NSCLC) who did not receive drugs have been targeted for treatment of their advanced lung cancer.
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States, with about 221.200 new diagnostics and 158.040 deaths in 2015. The most common type of lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, will continue in two types appointed divided main cell types found in the cancer - squamous cell carcinoma and not (which includes adenocarcinoma).
"Lung cancer can be changed so that the treatment options need to be tailored to the specific type of lung cancer patients," said Richard Pazdur, MD, director of the Office of Hematology and Oncology Products in the FDA's Center for evaluation and drug research. "Today's approval provides some lung cancer patients with squamous cell a new option that can extend survival time."
Portrazza is a monoclonal antibody, usually found the activity of the EGFR, a squamous NSCLC tumor protein.
The safety and efficacy of Portrazza were evaluated in a multicenter, randomized, open clinical study with squamous NSCLC advanced 1093 participants who receive cisplatin and gemcitabine chemotherapy with or without Portrazza. Portrazza the participants and cisplatin plus gemcitabine lived longer on average (11.5 months) compared to those who do gemcitabine and cisplatin (9.9 months). Portrazza was not found to be an effective treatment for patients with non-squamous NSCLC.
The most common side effects are rash and magnesium deficiency Portrazza (hypomagnesemia), muscle weakness, seizures, may cause cardiac arrhythmia, and can be fatal. Portrazza includes a warning to health care providers more serious risks of treatment with Portrazza, including cardiac arrest and sudden death, and alert hypomagnesemia.
Portrazza is marketed by Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana basis.
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States, with about 221.200 new diagnostics and 158.040 deaths in 2015. The most common type of lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, will continue in two types appointed divided main cell types found in the cancer - squamous cell carcinoma and not (which includes adenocarcinoma).
"Lung cancer can be changed so that the treatment options need to be tailored to the specific type of lung cancer patients," said Richard Pazdur, MD, director of the Office of Hematology and Oncology Products in the FDA's Center for evaluation and drug research. "Today's approval provides some lung cancer patients with squamous cell a new option that can extend survival time."
Portrazza is a monoclonal antibody, usually found the activity of the EGFR, a squamous NSCLC tumor protein.
The safety and efficacy of Portrazza were evaluated in a multicenter, randomized, open clinical study with squamous NSCLC advanced 1093 participants who receive cisplatin and gemcitabine chemotherapy with or without Portrazza. Portrazza the participants and cisplatin plus gemcitabine lived longer on average (11.5 months) compared to those who do gemcitabine and cisplatin (9.9 months). Portrazza was not found to be an effective treatment for patients with non-squamous NSCLC.
The most common side effects are rash and magnesium deficiency Portrazza (hypomagnesemia), muscle weakness, seizures, may cause cardiac arrhythmia, and can be fatal. Portrazza includes a warning to health care providers more serious risks of treatment with Portrazza, including cardiac arrest and sudden death, and alert hypomagnesemia.
Portrazza is marketed by Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana basis.
Novartis blockbuster mAb Cosentyx EU re two new indications!...
Swiss
pharmaceutical giant Novartis (Novartis) immune pipeline industry has
been concerned blockbuster monoclonal antibody drugs Cosentyx
(secukimumab) harvested in the United States and Europe at the same time
two major markets plaque psoriasis (plaque psoriasis) indications, the
company Drug regulation in 2015 ushered in the opener. And just recently, Cosentyx EU regulation came big news again, this
medicine while harvesting ankylosing spondylitis (ankylosing
spondylitis, AS) and psoriatic arthritis (psoriatic arthritis, PsA) two
indications.
Cosentyx is the first global interleukin-17 (IL-17) monoclonal antibody, the ratification marks the Cosentyx become IL-17 monoclonal antibody drugs in the first and only one in Europe to treat the two most common inflammatory joint diseases, but also it marks the Cosentyx become the first new treatment breakthroughs following anti-TNF monoclonal antibody drugs for 16 years after the listing of AS clinical regard.
According to recently published data, Cosentyx in 1-3 weeks of treatment can significantly improve the AS or PsA signs and symptoms, and this improvement can be sustained for more than 2 years. AS aspect, Cosentyx patients receiving treatment, up to 80% at 2 years after the adoption of X-ray inspection showed no progress in spinal cord injury; PsA regard Cosentyx patients receiving treatment, up to 84% at 2 years after the adoption of X-ray inspection showed no joint damage progression.
Currently, in clinical trials across multiple indications aspects, there are more than 9600 cases of patients received Cosentyx treatment; there are more than 12,500 cases of patients underwent post-marketing studies Cosentyx treatment. Safety, Cosentyx consistent performance in clinical research across multiple indications in.
Specifically, AS aspect, Cosentyx EU approved for adult patients with AS conventional therapies (such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) inadequate response; PsA aspect, Cosentyx EU approved as a single agent or in combination with methotrexate (methotrexate) for the previous disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug reactions against inadequate PsA in adult patients.
In addition, Novartis is also actively promoting other relevant clinical program Cosentyx, and expanding the potential indications for the drug. Cosentyx of the industry is very optimistic about business prospects, expected annual sales of the drug to 2020 will exceed $ 1 billion, becoming the IL-17 mAb heavy field a shining star.
However, the other competitors in the field are quickly follow, such as Lilly's IL-17 mAb ixekizumab in a number of Phase III clinical also set a remarkable achievement.
Another noteworthy event was the British pharmaceutical giant AstraZeneca has also been high hopes for the industry before the IL-17 mAb brodalumab, but brodalumab patients treated in clinical trials observed suicidal tendencies, Amgen select AstraZeneca parted ways; and AstraZeneca chose to give up more than three months after reflection after brodalumab price of $ 445 million will be packaged for sale to Valeant Pharmaceuticals, the event is also the industry that AstraZeneca in inflammatory diseases A flaw field.
Cosentyx is the first global interleukin-17 (IL-17) monoclonal antibody, the ratification marks the Cosentyx become IL-17 monoclonal antibody drugs in the first and only one in Europe to treat the two most common inflammatory joint diseases, but also it marks the Cosentyx become the first new treatment breakthroughs following anti-TNF monoclonal antibody drugs for 16 years after the listing of AS clinical regard.
According to recently published data, Cosentyx in 1-3 weeks of treatment can significantly improve the AS or PsA signs and symptoms, and this improvement can be sustained for more than 2 years. AS aspect, Cosentyx patients receiving treatment, up to 80% at 2 years after the adoption of X-ray inspection showed no progress in spinal cord injury; PsA regard Cosentyx patients receiving treatment, up to 84% at 2 years after the adoption of X-ray inspection showed no joint damage progression.
Currently, in clinical trials across multiple indications aspects, there are more than 9600 cases of patients received Cosentyx treatment; there are more than 12,500 cases of patients underwent post-marketing studies Cosentyx treatment. Safety, Cosentyx consistent performance in clinical research across multiple indications in.
Specifically, AS aspect, Cosentyx EU approved for adult patients with AS conventional therapies (such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) inadequate response; PsA aspect, Cosentyx EU approved as a single agent or in combination with methotrexate (methotrexate) for the previous disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug reactions against inadequate PsA in adult patients.
In addition, Novartis is also actively promoting other relevant clinical program Cosentyx, and expanding the potential indications for the drug. Cosentyx of the industry is very optimistic about business prospects, expected annual sales of the drug to 2020 will exceed $ 1 billion, becoming the IL-17 mAb heavy field a shining star.
However, the other competitors in the field are quickly follow, such as Lilly's IL-17 mAb ixekizumab in a number of Phase III clinical also set a remarkable achievement.
Another noteworthy event was the British pharmaceutical giant AstraZeneca has also been high hopes for the industry before the IL-17 mAb brodalumab, but brodalumab patients treated in clinical trials observed suicidal tendencies, Amgen select AstraZeneca parted ways; and AstraZeneca chose to give up more than three months after reflection after brodalumab price of $ 445 million will be packaged for sale to Valeant Pharmaceuticals, the event is also the industry that AstraZeneca in inflammatory diseases A flaw field.
BGI strategic realignment of the US subsidiary of a large-scale layoffs
Complete
Genomics is a California-based gene sequencing company, in September
2012 was due to the $ 117 million BGI acquisition. According to the outgoing Complete Genomics CEO Cliff Reid (Cliff
Reid), said Wang Jun resigned this summer after BGI CEO, the company
began to reassess business strategies.
Today, BGI decided to become a subsidiary of Complete Genomics Genomics R & D center, the business center of gravity is no longer provided Revolocity gene sequencer. Complete Genomics June this year released Revolocity, the system is priced at $ 12 million, to be completed by 10,000 whole genome sequencing year.
So far, Revolocity won three customer orders, planned deliveries in the first half of next year. But Reid has said, now BGI after strategic adjustments, Complete Genomics is no longer accepted Revolocity orders. As for the previous three customers, we must delay delivery.
After the strategic adjustment, Complete Genomics will become a research and development center BGI to support products and clinical trials BGI. Complete Genomics has about 200 employees, Reid did not disclose how many employees will be affected.
( Bolise Co., Ltd. www.chemicalspharm.com )
Today, BGI decided to become a subsidiary of Complete Genomics Genomics R & D center, the business center of gravity is no longer provided Revolocity gene sequencer. Complete Genomics June this year released Revolocity, the system is priced at $ 12 million, to be completed by 10,000 whole genome sequencing year.
So far, Revolocity won three customer orders, planned deliveries in the first half of next year. But Reid has said, now BGI after strategic adjustments, Complete Genomics is no longer accepted Revolocity orders. As for the previous three customers, we must delay delivery.
After the strategic adjustment, Complete Genomics will become a research and development center BGI to support products and clinical trials BGI. Complete Genomics has about 200 employees, Reid did not disclose how many employees will be affected.
( Bolise Co., Ltd. www.chemicalspharm.com )
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