American magazine "Science" on the 17th announced its selection of the 2015 top ten scientific breakthroughs, the industry as "gene scissors" of CRISPR genome editing technology breakthrough was elected number one this year.
"Science" magazine Executive News Editor John Travis said it was an "unprecedented choice", because the technology in the past two appeared in the "science" Ten breakthrough year, this year's "promoted" to number one breakthrough.
CRISPR full-called "clusters, regularly spaced short palindromic repeats," is a defense mechanism of bacterial viruses, and in 2012 was only scientists discovered and exploited, became the first biomedical efficiently and accurately , programmatically modify the genome of a cell including the human genome tools.
"Science" magazine said, because CRISPR with precise, low cost and simple operation, many research institutions have started development and utilization of this technology, it "will bring lasting excitement and optimism to many areas," bound "to study have a revolutionary impact. "
This year nine other groundbreaking scientific achievements include:
"New Horizons" Pluto probe "dating": the United States, "New Horizons" spacecraft in January 2006 launch, after 9 years of chasing up, it flew close to the United States Eastern time on July 14 over Pluto, became the first probe Fengyun distant dwarf planet human detector.
There lymphatic brain: The lymphatic system is a mesh of liquid system, can help clean up the body of waste and transport immune cells. This year, scientists discovered that the immune system of lymphatic vessels connected in the brain of mice, subversion decades textbook "no lymphatic brain" of old ideas.
Painkillers with yeast synthetic opioids;
opioids is the best analgesic effect of a drug, but it is the only source of opium poppy, and therefore their production is dependent on poppy cultivation. US scientists have genetically engineered yeast transformation, the sugar can be converted into thebaine, which is used to produce opioid analgesics.
Quantum entanglement status been confirmed: The concept that two particles can affect spatially separated from each other, regardless of the distance between them is. Measure the properties of a particle, it can immediately determine the nature of another particle. Einstein refused to accept this "spooky remote effect", because he made it with no movement speed of any substance can exceed the speed of light theory of conflict. But this year the scientists experimentally confirmed that quantum entanglement state.
Plume exists evidence is found: For the existence of mantle plumes has been debated for 40 years, supporters believe that mantle plumes heat transport to the center of the earth surface, could explain the reason Hawaii Volcanoes formed in the middle of the tectonic plates. This year, scientists using improved seismic imaging techniques to map out the highest accuracy so far inside the earth simulation diagram, found evidence of 28 plume exists. These mantle plume 800 kilometers wide, it is more than three times the previous forecast, and therefore core cooling models may need to be amended.
Ebola vaccine developed: Ebola vaccine drug development progress and overall disappointing, but by the Public Health Agency of Canada and other institutions to develop the VSV-EBOV Ebola vaccine Phase III clinical trial results are encouraging, the protective effect mediated between 75 to 100%.
Improve psychological research: Many psychology experiments can not be repeated, but now a solution proposed is "pre-registration", that is published before making experiments on experimental program, regardless of the outcome we will announce the final results and statistical analysis to ensure Experimental transparency, avoid the researchers that only part of the data selected advantageously.
New species of ancient fossils: an international team in the depths of a cave in South Africa more than 1500 bones excavated fossils, these fossils unusual mix of hominids and modern humans characteristics. Scientists named this new race "纳莱迪 people", he is one of the oldest races now discover.
Early American people from Asia: researchers on a program called Kennewick bones were human genome sequencing, the bones dating back 8500 years. Sequence analysis showed that early man migrated from the Americas from Asia. The research may help quell the controversy related to the early American ancestors.
