2015年11月5日星期四

Boehringer Ingelheim start EGFR targeted drugs BI II clinical trial of 1,482,694

Recently, Boehringer Ingelheim announced that will start its third representative of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) targeted drug BI 1482694 (HM61713) Phase II clinical trial to evaluate its mutant gene in the EGFR -T790M positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in efficacy and safety.
Professor Keunchil Par from Sungkyunkwan University, Samsung Medical Center Hematology and Oncology, currently serve as the coordinating investigator of the clinical trial, he said: the third-generation EGFR-targeting drugs, primarily to overcome the T790M mutation caused first and second generation drugs resistant lung cancer for the T790M mutation positive people to provide a better treatment plan, avoid taking other more serious side effects of chemotherapy drugs brought.
HM61713 is a new and irreversible EGFR mutation-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR TKIs), mainly for the T790M mutation positive patients with lung cancer, "tailored." In American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) annual meeting, held this year, Boehringer Ingelheim posted HM61713 of Phase I / II clinical trial interim results show that the drug has a strong efficacy and safety profile in the study population.
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) for the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), in recent years more and more attention. The acceptance of EGFR-TKI therapy in NSCLC patients, more than half the body's resistance to the possibility there will be, the main mechanism of this acquired resistance to EGFR-T790M mutation is. Currently T790M mutation gene targets for drugs list is still a blank, if HM61713 stand out, no doubt will be able to meet the strong market demand for drugs, the market potential should not be overlooked.
In recent years, Boehringer EGFR mutations in lung cancer treatment has been in a leadership position, FDA approved Giotrif / Gilotrif (AFATINIB) in 2013 for the EGFR mutation (del19 deletion) type metastatic non-small cell lung cancer ( NSCLC) patients. Boehringer said that for 2017 to obtain a marketing authorization HM61713, if successfully approved, its product line to conquer the EGFR lung cancer market will become more.
MehdiShahidi medical director Dr. Boehringer solid tumors, commented: "We carried out a number of tumor-depth cooperation community, we devoted a lot of research and development funds and energy to lung cancer product line, with a view to more lung cancer patients to provide more appropriate treatment The first start pivotal clinical trials .HM61713 will become more late Phase III clinical trial evaluating an important milestone. "

Eight categories of women should conduct regular breast health check

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in American women, after lung cancer. According to forecasts, in 2015 the United States there are about 230,000 women will be diagnosed with breast cancer, 4.03 million people will die from breast cancer. In the past 10 years, China's incidence and mortality of breast substantial growth, getting younger and younger age of onset. National Cancer Registry Center released the "2015 China Annual Cancer Registration" that topped the first Chinese female breast cancer incidence. Experts point out that breast cancer mortality was not obvious in our country, which is too fast increase breast cancer screening is not standardized and comprehensive treatment of inadequate standardization and other factors. If China can popularize X-ray screening, 20,000 women a year can make death from breast cancer.
 
The following eight categories of women should conduct regular breast health checks:
 
    1, there is a family history of breast cancer; if the family was suffering from breast cancer, the risk of contracting this disease than other women relatives who no family history of 4-6 times higher.
 
    2,12 before the age of menarche, or passing through more than 40 years;
 
    3, over-eating high-sugar high-fat low-fiber foods, body obesity or associated with diabetes;
 
    4, long-term use of hormones or hormone replacement therapy;
 
    5,30-year-old young man child, 40 years of age is not pregnant, celibacy, marriage, age of marriage is too large or shorter time;
 
    6, there is a history of benign breast disease;
 
    7, there is history of radiation and poor lifestyle;
 
    8, the large number of applications estrogen-containing cosmetics, health products were.
 
Although there are many online breast self-tricks, since the self-test of the breast is not professional, easily missed, it is best to find a specialist to check a large hospital, and regular breast ultrasound or mammography. Women over 35 years old, to the hospital at least once a year to check the breast.

Sleep disorders may lead to Alzheimer's disease patients learning and memory function decline

Chemical changes similar to "jet lag" of brain cells caused by sleep disorders, which may lead to Alzheimer's disease patients learning and memory function decline, the study results recently published in the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease Journal.
Many elderly people noticed that they sleep has changed, but these sleep disorders occur more frequently in patients with Alzheimer's disease in the population, and more serious. The impact of sleep problems, including Alzheimer's patients can not sleep and changes in sleep time, the specific cause is not clear.
The number of patients with Alzheimer's disease may be more awake at night, and often can not sleep at night. EEG studies show that they have been reduced sleep periods. They may feel sleepy during the day, but at night unable to sleep, and they may feel restless or agitated in the afternoon or early evening.
Experts believe that in patients with advanced stage of the disease 40 percent of the time in the evening to stay awake, and daytime sleepiness performance significantly. Some patients circadian sleep rhythm is completely reversed. While sleep changes are more common in patients with advanced disease, early disease can also observe this performance.
Whether poor sleep promoting or inhibiting the progression of Alzheimer's disease is not clear, but the present study showed that sleep disorders can accelerate memory loss.
Studies have shown that sleep disorders cause learning and memory impairment
University of California at Irvine (UCI) researchers have conducted tests in mice showed that the individual cycle circadian sleep rhythm interrupted the first time change, progress and promote chemical changes in the brain and memory problems.
The research group led by the UCI biological engineering professor Gregory Brewer, to results of this study can be applied to clinical, to people with a risk of Alzheimer's disease patients with mild cognitive abnormalities and stressed the importance of sleep management.
To find the relationship between learning, memory and circadian rhythm disorders among researchers every three days 8 hours dark period shortened to alter circadian rhythm of Alzheimer's disease in mice and normal mice. The resulting time difference so greatly reduced activity of two groups of mice. In the water maze test, compared to normal mice and did not alter the circadian rhythm of Alzheimer's disease in mice, a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease alter circadian rhythms are obvious learning disabilities.
In subsequent histological study, the researchers found that in all mice brain cells, resulting in a reduced difference glutathione levels. Glutathione levels in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease is much lower, corresponding to their poor performance in the water maze test. Glutathione is a major antioxidant that can help important cellular components from harm. Glutathione deficiency can cause a redox reaction changes in brain cells. Redox reactions include electron transport, which would cause a change in the oxidation state of the atom, and may affect the metabolism and inflammation of the brain.
Professor Brewer believes accelerated oxidative stress is an important part of Alzheimer's disease-related learning and memory loss, and noted that there may be changes in the reduction reaction for the oxidation of drug therapy. He concluded:. "The findings suggest that clinicians and health care workers should be added to the good sleep habits in routine care, healthy habits can maximize memory retention"
The study also found that sleep medications are not usually improve sleep quality for all seniors, and there are some drugs may cause serious side effects.
Here are some available to Alzheimer's patients non-drug treatment is recommended:Regular diet and sleep;Daily exercise, but do not be carried out in four hours before bedtime;Ensure nighttime light and comfortable sleeping temperature in the bedroom;Do not lie in bed awake time; only use the bed during sleep.

2015年11月4日星期三

Biocatalysis α- amino acids and the synthesis of chiral amine intermediate study medicine

Biocatalysis is gentle and efficient catalytic system, has excellent chemical selectivity, regioselectivity and stereoselectivity. Especially in recent years, genomics, proteomics and other biotech rapid development, greatly promoted the basic and applied research biocatalysis.

   Currently, the use of biological systems (such as various cells and enzymes) as Catalytic synthesis of chiral compounds has become a hot topic and bioorganic chemistry and biotechnology research in new growth point of organic synthetic chemistry. This paper uses biocatalytic method for preparing a number of important physiological activity of chiral compounds to glutamyl transferase, aspartate aminotransferase, leucine dehydrogenase and a formate dehydrogenase for the study, combined with the characteristics of the enzyme, in basic research on natural substrate, select some non-normal enzyme substrate catalysis research, and through these studies reveal enzyme - substrate catalysis mechanism. In this paper, high efficiency and high selectivity of the synthesis of these chiral compounds provides a new method, and laid the foundation for their further study. To be able to make γ- glutamyl transferase enzymatic synthesis important γ- glutamyl compound, the catalytic mechanism of the enzyme were investigated. Preparation ten γ- glutamyl aniline analogs them as γ- glutamyl donor for the Y- glutamyl amine receptors, enzyme-catalyzed synthesis theanine, theanine was measured by HPLC generation to evaluate the amount of enzyme activity. 
 
Biocatalysis is gentle and efficient catalytic system, has excellent chemical selectivity, regioselectivity and stereoselectivity. Especially in recent years, genomics, proteomics and other biotech rapid development, greatly promoted the basic and applied research biocatalysis. Currently, the use of biological systems (such as various cells and enzymes) as Catalytic synthesis of chiral compounds has become a hot topic and bioorganic chemistry and biotechnology research in new growth point of organic synthetic chemistry. This paper uses biocatalytic method for preparing a number of important physiological activity of chiral compounds to glutamyl transferase , aspartate aminotransferase, leucine dehydrogenase and a formate dehydrogenase for the study, combined with the characteristics of the enzyme, in basic research on natural substrate, select some non-normal enzyme substrate catalysis research, and through these studies reveal enzyme - substrate catalysis mechanism. In this paper, high efficiency and high selectivity of the synthesis of these chiral compounds provides a new method, and laid the foundation for their further study. To be able to make γ- glutamyl transferase enzymatic synthesis important γ- glutamyl compound, the catalytic mechanism of the enzyme were investigated.

   Preparation ten γ- glutamyl aniline analogs them as γ- glutamyl donor for the Y- glutamyl amine receptors, enzyme-catalyzed synthesis theanine, theanine was measured by HPLC generation to evaluate the amount of enzyme activity. In L- γ- glutamyl-p- nitroanilide as substrate for the enzyme conversion conditions such as pH, temperature, substrate molar ratio optimization. Under optimum conversion conditions, respectively enzymatic ten γ- glutamyl aniline formed like theanine, which measured the enzymatic conversion reaction kinetic constants, and converted into Hammett equation, combined Hammett curve shows, γ- glutamyl transferase acylation reaction rate-limiting step of the reaction rate can be electron-withdrawing or electron-donating substituents Y- glutamyl aniline analogs accelerated kinetics of this step by acid-catalyzed acylation reaction, by autodock computer simulation , Asp- 433 carboxyl or phenolic hydroxyl Tyr-444 may be the acid proton source, to further determine the acid protons needed through the implementation of site-directed mutagenesis. Using γ- glutamyl transferase enzymatic synthesis β-N - (γ-L ( +) - glutamyl) phenylhydrazine and β-N- (γ-L (+) - glutamyl) Carboxylazo hydrazine. 

   Synthesis glutamyl PHENYLHYDRAZINE optimal reaction conditions: preparation pH9 conversion solution, substrate concentration 60mM L- glutamine, 300mM phenylhydrazine, adding 40Uγ, - glutamyl transferase enzyme / ml, 37 ℃ reaction 6h, substrate conversion rate of 93%; synthetic precursor mushrooms leucine, glutamyl carboxyl phenylhydrazine optimal reaction conditions: 50mM L- glutamine, 500mM carboxyl phenylhydrazine, 40U γ- glutamyl transferase / ml, pH8,37 ℃ reaction 24h, product conversion rate of 90%. Although phenylhydrazine was reported as a suicide lacrimal peroxidase inhibitor, but only when phenylhydrazine concentration higher than 300mM only reversible inhibition glutamyl transferase, while the carboxyl phenylhydrazine does not appear even in 1000mM suppression. This new glutamyl transferase enzymatic synthesis method will help mushroom acid synthesis and other important glutamyl compound, and further promote their in-depth study . Optically pure chiral amine is a kind of important value of pharmaceutical and fine chemical intermediates, asymmetric synthesis of chiral amines for a deeper study and application have great economic value. At present, the preparation method of chiral amines are chemical syntheses, chemical and enzymatic resolution and enzymatic synthesis, enzymatic synthesis which has more advantages. In this paper, aspartate aminotransferase, combined with leucine dehydrogenase and formate dehydrogenase catalytic synthesis of chiral amines and amino acids. 

   To better understand the characteristics of these enzymes, chemically synthesized eight α- keto acid, aspartate aminotransferase higher terephthalic sodium pyruvate and sodium pyruvate o methoxybenzene conversion rate, o-hydroxyphenyl pyruvate sodium and sodium pyruvate dimethylaminobenzaldehyde activity is poor; and for alkyl substituted α- keto acid, 5-methyl-2-keto-4-methyl-sodium has keto acid Sodium conversion activity than the other two alkyl substituents keto good, the highest conversion rate of about 60% benzene sodium pyruvate. In addition, the paper also uses between aspartate aminotransferase catalytic synthesis rivastigmine hydroxyacetophenone chiral amine intermediate 3- (1-aminoethyl) phenol, but aspartate aminotransferase catalytic synthesis of this compound capability It is limited, in the case of 10% DMSO was added, the highest conversion rate of not more than 40%. Combined with leucine dehydrogenase and formate dehydrogenase chiral amine compounds can be prepared. 

  This paper constructs leucine dehydrogenase and formate dehydrogenase gene engineering bacteria E. coli, joint use of these two enzymes, the above α- acid as substrate, effects of reaction conditions, pH, temperature, the amount of coenzyme NAD Effect of activity at pH9,30 ℃, 1mM NAD in optimal conditions, alkyl-substituted α- keto good response, 24h of the conversion rate at about 90%. In addition to benzene sodium pyruvate, the leucine dehydrogenase and a formate dehydrogenase to a benzene ring substituted α- keto acid catalytic activity is very low. This thesis is based on the enzymatic synthesis of chiral compounds , combined with genetic engineering recombinant expression of enzymes for the synthesis of chiral compounds to broaden the idea, has important theoretical significance and application potential

Chiral Pharmaceutical Chemicals biocatalytic synthesis Progress and Practice

New substances chiral biocatalytic process is the use of biocatalysts chiral molecular conformation selective catalytic ability to identify, with high catalytic efficiency, selectivity and mild reaction conditions, and other advantages. Over the past decade, the rapid rise of biocatalysis and establish a process APIs replace multiple large variety of success stories, has become an important tool for chiral pharmaceutical chemicals green manufacturing indispensable. the author analyzes the new trends in biocatalysis business and academic development, combined with the author of Chiral Drugs biocatalytic synthesis of industrial development practice, pointed out the future direction of development.

A medical equipment for children

Children's Hospital this month to become Niubi, he was the first child in the domestic hospital management integrated PET-MRI scans of patients. Integrated PET-MRI scanner, which represents positron emission tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, a combination of two common imaging procedures into one, reducing radiation exposure to a minimum and to allow determination of the structure and metabolism double.

"This technology is added to provide customers demonstrates our commitment to the best care," said Nina Schor, MD, a pediatrician at Children's Hospital dean at Golisano. "We have a beautiful new building imaging kit, and now, our first child in domestic hospitals to provide this service to our patients."

PET-MRI technology has become in recent years as a valuable tool for radiologists. PET scans allow health care providers to see if the body metabolism function, and MRI scans can provide the human body beautifully detailed three-dimensional images. Both scans are often required to provide the most accurate information, especially in oncology, cardiology and neurology fields. Combining the scanning also allows children to go through a process, rather than two.

However, although the representative of the most advanced scanner technology, we have also taken measures to ensure the machine - and the entire imaging suite - are welcome and child friendly. In the PET-MRI was labeled "SS Rochester", decorated to look like a pirate ship. Not far away, a CT (computed tomography) scanner to dress like a lighthouse. Elsewhere, in the pediatric imaging suite, colorful wall decals, soothing music, and install ipad helps to ease the child before, during and after the program.

"We want the kids to feel like they are outing, rather than on what has historically been sterile, sometimes frightening environment, said:" Hans Blickman, MD, radiologist-in-Chief at Golisano Children's Hospital .

Worrying breast milk

New mothers, especially mothers, are often worried about whether they are doing what is best for their children. The new service, happy key parameters, will only increase those worries. We know that breast milk is best, but these people make women doubt their own breast milk is good enough. they said:

    Happy critical parameter for the family they need to monitor and improve their children's long-term health tools. Our simple, easy to use test, mothers can learn for the first time about the nutritional makeup of milk, improve their diet and nutrition, and take measures to prevent exposure to heavy metals and other toxic and harmful to a child's growth and development.

After raising / pre-sale activities, they plan to begin shipping this month package. They offer a variety of packages. For $ 149.95, they will analyze four key nutrients in breast milk samples: glucose, lactose, protein and fat. For $ 559.95, they will also test:

    Four "indicators immunity": cortisol, IgA antibodies, IgG antibody, IgM antibody.
    Eleven micro-nutrients: calcium, folic acid, iron, vitamin D, vitamin A, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, and vitamin B12.
    Four heavy metal toxins: arsenic, lead, mercury and cadmium (based on the baby's hair and nail samples.)

This qualifies as "too much information." What the results mean, how would know that they make to the health of infants and young children there a difference? They promise to provide the original test results, showing trends over time graph, a description of each biomarker refers to the children's development, and how to manage it to keep detailed description health. They acknowledged that the content of breast milk varies over time, they recommended that in the first year after birth, the baby tested four times. There is no good scientific support for such a test. There is no evidence, to know the levels of these biomarkers, and trying to manipulate the mother's diet and lifestyle will have any effect on the baby's health significantly change them.

They also plan a happy child health research, including those who purchase the kit will be asked to share their health information. Such research would be inherently flawed, because the participants will not be a representative sample. Only those who are overly concerned about their health, who can afford the test will be included. They have to accept tax-free donations happy Children's Foundation. In my opinion, your money would be better invested elsewhere, in order to support scientific research more meaningful.
Other breast-test offer


DHA: Omega-3 fatty acids and 6S: In a Guardian article describes my milk count, that analysis of breast milk DHA level of service, in less than favorable conditions. They said, "The idea that human breast milk may not be good enough for human babies, obviously absurd." They cite resolve armadillo reason to question that the article be tested, and noted that the optimal level of DHA also not established; estimate is based on national research from Japan, we have DHA in the world's second highest level. In addition, significant changes in the composition of breast milk, even in a single feed, and the best timing of the collection has not been established. UNICEF UK, and part of its design BFHI World Health Organization to support breastfeeding, said: "UNICEF UK is not aware of any reason that women should get nutrients their breast milk tested . "If a woman want to increase ω-3 / ω-6 ratio in her diet, she can do, simply by eating more fish. There is no need to spend £ 99 to test her milk.