2015年11月9日星期一

Medical breakthrough anti-cancer immunotherapy PD-1 drugs (pembrolizumab) lasting effect

Immunotherapy by stimulating the immune system to attack tumor cells, and its mechanism than traditional chemotherapy and target have a more lasting cure response, low side effects. Wherein the anti-PD-1 drugs (pembrolizumab) is a US FDA approved the first immunotherapy for metastatic squamous and non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer drug is approved, its effectiveness empirical research data - almost 90% of PD-L1 high expression in lung cancer patients with tumor shrinkage of the situation, while nearly 60% in patients with low expression of PD-L1 also equally positive response [1], with advanced lung cancer treatment breakthroughs.

 
Hong Kong medical oncology specialist Dr. Lu Kaizu to lung cancer as the example illustrates the anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy drugs (pembrolizumab) lasting efficacy, fewer side effects.
Lung Cancer Mortality among the first in China, a total of 652,842 cases of the disease [2], of which 85% are non-small cell lung cancer [3]. Hong Kong medical oncology specialist Dr. Lu Kaizu said: "in the past to accept Taxotere chemotherapy in lung cancer patients, the median overall survival (OS) was only 5.7 months, more side effects, affecting the quality of life of patients in April 2015 published online." Results KEYNOTE-001 New England Journal of Medicine "on the display of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy drugs (pembrolizumab), the median overall survival was 12 months, the results are satisfactory. anti-PD-1 drugs (pembrolizumab) of high security, Adverse events rate to 1-2%, while several studies also show anti-PD-1 immunotherapy produce positive effects in the treatment of various cancer treatment. "
The key point is that blocking tumor cell immunotherapy PD-1 / PD-L1 signaling pathway. There are PD-1 receptor T cells (a kind of white blood cells) of the immune system, once the receptor in combination with other protein PD-L1 cells, T cells will stop making attacks. Stop cancer cell itself to attack cancer cells through different mechanisms of suppression of the immune system, when cancer cells exhibited PD-L1 protein, combined with the PD-1 receptor on T cells, T cells can not recognize the tumor cells Cancer cells in the human body will breed. Anti-PD-1 drugs principle is to stimulate white blood cell cancer awareness, blocks tumor cell PD-1 / PD-L1 signal pathway, through their immune system to attack cancer cells.
Anti-PD-1 drugs (pembrolizumab) has been the US FDA [4], the European Union EU [5] and the British Institute for Healthcare Optimization (NICE) [6] Certification treatment of advanced melanoma, research data indicate that the anti-PD-1 compared with the anti-drugs CTLA-4 drugs effectively improve the survival rate of 30%. At present, anti-PD-1 drugs (pembrolizumab) 100 clinical test 30 different tumors, shown to have the potential to treat many types of cancer.
Compared to other cancer treatments, the immune system "memory", effective sustainable advantage. Target treatment only to have specific targets to issue attacks, if the patient's body without the corresponding target cancer cells, the drug will not produce effective, targeted therapies occur simultaneously resistant, no immune response to treatment lasting advantage.

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