Immunotherapy
by stimulating the immune system to attack tumor cells, and its
mechanism than traditional chemotherapy and target have a more lasting
cure response, low side effects. Wherein
the anti-PD-1 drugs (pembrolizumab) is a US FDA approved the first
immunotherapy for metastatic squamous and non-squamous non-small cell
lung cancer drug is approved, its effectiveness empirical research data -
almost 90% of PD-L1 high expression in lung cancer patients with tumor shrinkage of the
situation, while nearly 60% in patients with low expression of PD-L1
also equally positive response [1], with advanced lung cancer treatment
breakthroughs.
Hong Kong medical oncology specialist Dr. Lu Kaizu to lung cancer as the example illustrates the anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy drugs (pembrolizumab) lasting efficacy, fewer side effects.
Lung
Cancer Mortality among the first in China, a total of 652,842 cases of
the disease [2], of which 85% are non-small cell lung cancer [3]. Hong
Kong medical oncology specialist Dr. Lu Kaizu said: "in the past to
accept Taxotere chemotherapy in lung cancer patients, the median overall
survival (OS) was only 5.7 months, more side effects, affecting the
quality of life of patients in April 2015 published online." Results
KEYNOTE-001 New England Journal of Medicine "on the display of
anti-PD-1 immunotherapy drugs (pembrolizumab), the median overall
survival was 12 months, the results are satisfactory. anti-PD-1 drugs
(pembrolizumab) of high security, Adverse events rate to 1-2%, while several studies also show anti-PD-1
immunotherapy produce positive effects in the treatment of various
cancer treatment. "
The key point is that blocking tumor cell immunotherapy PD-1 / PD-L1 signaling pathway. There
are PD-1 receptor T cells (a kind of white blood cells) of the immune
system, once the receptor in combination with other protein PD-L1 cells,
T cells will stop making attacks. Stop
cancer cell itself to attack cancer cells through different mechanisms
of suppression of the immune system, when cancer cells exhibited PD-L1
protein, combined with the PD-1 receptor on T cells, T cells can not
recognize the tumor cells Cancer cells in the human body will breed. Anti-PD-1 drugs principle is to stimulate white blood cell cancer
awareness, blocks tumor cell PD-1 / PD-L1 signal pathway, through their
immune system to attack cancer cells.
Anti-PD-1
drugs (pembrolizumab) has been the US FDA [4], the European Union EU
[5] and the British Institute for Healthcare Optimization (NICE) [6]
Certification treatment of advanced melanoma, research data indicate
that the anti-PD-1 compared with the anti-drugs CTLA-4 drugs effectively improve the survival rate of 30%. At present, anti-PD-1 drugs (pembrolizumab) 100 clinical test 30
different tumors, shown to have the potential to treat many types of
cancer.
Compared to other cancer treatments, the immune system "memory", effective sustainable advantage. Target
treatment only to have specific targets to issue attacks, if the
patient's body without the corresponding target cancer cells, the drug
will not produce effective, targeted therapies occur simultaneously
resistant, no immune response to treatment lasting advantage.
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